THOUGHTS AND COMMENTARY
A Book Excerpt From
The Road to Neuroplasticity and Change to Heal Trauma, Improve Cognitive Capacity and Maximize Performance
ABOUT THE BOOK
THE COGNITIVE BIAS AFFECTING BEHAVIOR
See Also:
Thoughts and Awareness of Self
Anatomy Of the Self: Part 1 ~ Part 2 ~ Glossary
Your Memory Holds the Secrets
The Power of Positive Thought - Neuroplasticity
Practice Positive Self Affirmations Thoughts, Perceptions and Delusions Complexity of Human Emotion
Thoughts and Awareness of Self
Anatomy Of the Self: Part 1 ~ Part 2 ~ Glossary
Your Memory Holds the Secrets
The Power of Positive Thought - Neuroplasticity
Practice Positive Self Affirmations Thoughts, Perceptions and Delusions Complexity of Human Emotion
Psychological effects or cognitive biases describe how a person correctly or incorrectly processes information that affect emotion, reasoning, state of mind, memory, behavior, or decisions. A cognitive bias is a mistake in reasoning, evaluating, remembering, or other cognitive process, often occurring as a result of holding onto one's preferences and beliefs regardless of contrary information.
A cognitive bias is a type of error in thinking that occurs when people are processing and interpreting information. The human brain has limitations. Cognitive biases are often a result of your brain's attempt to simplify information processing. Social pressures, motivations, emotions, and limits on the mind's ability to process information contribute to these biases.
The Ambiguity Effect states that a decision is affected by a lack of information, or "ambiguity". The effect implies that people tend to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known rather than unknown.
The Anchoring Effect states that an individual relies too heavily on an initial piece of information offered (an "anchor") when making decisions. The person uses that anchor to make subsequent judgments. Once the value of an anchor is set, all future negotiations, arguments, and estimates are made in relation to that anchor. This can be disastrous when the anchor is wrong.
The Bystander Effect states that more people who see someone in need, the less likely that person is to receive help. This is called “confusion of responsibility,” and that means individuals feel less responsibility for the outcome of an event when others are around.
The Curse of Knowledge Effect states that an individual unknowingly assumes that the people they are communicating with have the background to understand what they are saying. A person cannot accurately reconstruct what another person without the knowledge would think or how they would act.
The Dunning–Kruger Effect is when people mistakenly assess their cognitive ability as greater than it is. It comes from the inability of people to recognize their lack of ability. Without the self-awareness of metacognition, people cannot objectively evaluate their competence or incompetence.
The Focusing Effect states that people place too much importance on one aspect of an event and fail to recognize other factors. Remember to keep perspective, look at problems from different perspectives, and weigh all the factors before making a decision. Avoid “tunnel vision” and you can improve your chance of making a sound decision.
The Framing Effect states that people decide on options if the information presented is a positive or negative (a loss or a gain). People tend to avoid risk when a positive frame is presented but seek risks when a negative frame is presented.
The Hard-to-Reach Effect states that we overestimate the probability of success at a task perceived as hard and underestimate the likelihood of success at a task perceived as easy.
The Misinformation Effect happens when a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information. New information works backward in time to distort memory of the original event. It is influenced by suggestibility (the influence of others' expectations on our memory) and misattribution (information attributed to an incorrect source).
The Paradox of Choice Effect states that the more choices we have, the less likely we are to be content with our decision. Have you felt buyer’s remorse? Happiness is diminished with the extra effort and stress it takes to weigh multiple options because of the pressure we put on ourselves. We blame ourselves if the decision doesn’t turn out well.
The Pluralistic Ignorance Effect states that is when in a group a person may privately reject the group decision but goes along with it because they incorrectly assume that most others accept it. This can have a negative effect when the person is left feeling bad about themselves and alienated from the group.
The Pratfall Effect states that likability will increase if you aren’t perfect. Making mistakes makes you relatable and more human thus drawing people to you. The Pratfall Effect is a good reminder that it is okay to be fallible.
The Pygmalion Effect states that greater expectations drive greater performance. If you believe something is true of yourself, eventually it will be. You can challenge yourself with more difficult goals and tasks in order to rise up to meet the challenge.
The Spotlight Effect states that mistakes are not noticed as much as you think. The perception of being under scrutiny is something we build up in our heads causing self doubt and paranoia. The spotlight is not shining as bright on you as you think. You can’t completely forget the embarrassment you feel when you make a mistake, but it helps to know that you’re exaggerating its impact.
The Zeigarnik Effect states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed tasks. The theory is that if a task has already been started it establishes tension which improves cognitive accessibility. The tension is only relieved when the task is completed. With continuous tension the task details are easily accessible in the memory.
A cognitive bias is a type of error in thinking that occurs when people are processing and interpreting information. The human brain has limitations. Cognitive biases are often a result of your brain's attempt to simplify information processing. Social pressures, motivations, emotions, and limits on the mind's ability to process information contribute to these biases.
The Ambiguity Effect states that a decision is affected by a lack of information, or "ambiguity". The effect implies that people tend to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known rather than unknown.
The Anchoring Effect states that an individual relies too heavily on an initial piece of information offered (an "anchor") when making decisions. The person uses that anchor to make subsequent judgments. Once the value of an anchor is set, all future negotiations, arguments, and estimates are made in relation to that anchor. This can be disastrous when the anchor is wrong.
The Bystander Effect states that more people who see someone in need, the less likely that person is to receive help. This is called “confusion of responsibility,” and that means individuals feel less responsibility for the outcome of an event when others are around.
The Curse of Knowledge Effect states that an individual unknowingly assumes that the people they are communicating with have the background to understand what they are saying. A person cannot accurately reconstruct what another person without the knowledge would think or how they would act.
The Dunning–Kruger Effect is when people mistakenly assess their cognitive ability as greater than it is. It comes from the inability of people to recognize their lack of ability. Without the self-awareness of metacognition, people cannot objectively evaluate their competence or incompetence.
The Focusing Effect states that people place too much importance on one aspect of an event and fail to recognize other factors. Remember to keep perspective, look at problems from different perspectives, and weigh all the factors before making a decision. Avoid “tunnel vision” and you can improve your chance of making a sound decision.
The Framing Effect states that people decide on options if the information presented is a positive or negative (a loss or a gain). People tend to avoid risk when a positive frame is presented but seek risks when a negative frame is presented.
The Hard-to-Reach Effect states that we overestimate the probability of success at a task perceived as hard and underestimate the likelihood of success at a task perceived as easy.
The Misinformation Effect happens when a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information. New information works backward in time to distort memory of the original event. It is influenced by suggestibility (the influence of others' expectations on our memory) and misattribution (information attributed to an incorrect source).
The Paradox of Choice Effect states that the more choices we have, the less likely we are to be content with our decision. Have you felt buyer’s remorse? Happiness is diminished with the extra effort and stress it takes to weigh multiple options because of the pressure we put on ourselves. We blame ourselves if the decision doesn’t turn out well.
The Pluralistic Ignorance Effect states that is when in a group a person may privately reject the group decision but goes along with it because they incorrectly assume that most others accept it. This can have a negative effect when the person is left feeling bad about themselves and alienated from the group.
The Pratfall Effect states that likability will increase if you aren’t perfect. Making mistakes makes you relatable and more human thus drawing people to you. The Pratfall Effect is a good reminder that it is okay to be fallible.
The Pygmalion Effect states that greater expectations drive greater performance. If you believe something is true of yourself, eventually it will be. You can challenge yourself with more difficult goals and tasks in order to rise up to meet the challenge.
The Spotlight Effect states that mistakes are not noticed as much as you think. The perception of being under scrutiny is something we build up in our heads causing self doubt and paranoia. The spotlight is not shining as bright on you as you think. You can’t completely forget the embarrassment you feel when you make a mistake, but it helps to know that you’re exaggerating its impact.
The Zeigarnik Effect states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed tasks. The theory is that if a task has already been started it establishes tension which improves cognitive accessibility. The tension is only relieved when the task is completed. With continuous tension the task details are easily accessible in the memory.
STARLIGHT POETRY BY KAI
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View Me on Twitter @kairosoflife
See Creativity Chaos - a Creativity Blog by Kai
About | Reprints & Copyrights | Home
© 2019-2020 Copyright Starlight Poetry
VIEW FULL SITE DIRECTORY